tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82871748970683919982024-03-13T14:35:03.079-07:00KALCHURIKALCHURIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12488611744760830417noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8287174897068391998.post-51092050413328099902011-10-25T05:03:00.000-07:002011-10-25T05:04:40.293-07:00HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KALCHURIS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
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<div class="Section1"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><u><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KALCHURIS <o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 4.5in; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Kalchuris are one of the major communities of Inida, but divided into many clans and sects due to historical and cultural reasons. The Kalachuris, were also known as Haihayas.<span lang="EN"> <i>Kalli</i> means a long moustache and <i>chur</i>i a sharp knife, thus the name <i>Kalchuris</i>. They grow moustache and carrying a knife always as part of tradition or job. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">The bloody war between Brahmins lead by Parasurama on one side and the Kshatriyas lead by Sahasrarjuna on the other side which divided the people of vedic origin into two eternal rivals. Parasurama launched a series of wars for 21 times to carry out mass killing of Kshatriyas to avenge the death of his father Jamadagni at the hands of Sahsrarjuna’s sons. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">The Kshatriyas who suffered a mass annihilation at the hands of Brahmins established a separate religion for themselves based on the principles of Shiva (Jina) worship to unitedly fight Brahmin domination. They have associated with with Dravidian warrior kings. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">In 2nd century B.C. the great Kalchuri emperor Kharval </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">organised a convention of 3000 Jain monks at Kumari Parvat and Jain Agams were compiled there. <span lang="EN">Kalachuri kings ruled from many places like Tripuri, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Gorakhpur</st1:city></st1:place>, Ratnapur, Rajpur etcand migrated to the south and made Mangalavedhe or Mangalavada their capital. Their emblem was Suvarna Vrishabha or the golden bull. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN">Kalchuris </span>ruled over a powerful kingdom comprising Gujarat, <st1:place w:st="on">Northern Maharashtra</st1:place>, and some parts of Malwa. <span lang="EN">Kalachuri Empire of <st1:place w:st="on">Central India</st1:place> (west <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Madhya Pradesh</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthan"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Rajasthan</span></a>) was called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chedi_Kingdom" title="Chedi Kingdom"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Chedi</span></a> or <i>Haihaya</i> and are supposed to be offshoot of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhira" title="Abhira"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Abhira</span></a> of Traikutika dynasty. They ruled over northern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Maharashtra</span></a>, Malwa and western Deccan from their capital Mahismati situated in the <st1:place w:st="on">Narmada</st1:place> river valley. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Another famous Kalchuri king was Bijjal ruled from Annigeri, Karnataka in 12<sup>th</sup> century. <span lang="EN">Bijjala</span><span lang="EN"> established the authority over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Karnataka</span></a> after wresting power from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalukya" title="Chalukya"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Chalukya</span></a>s. Bijjala was succeeded by his sons Someshwara and Sangama. Their rule was a short and turbulent and very important from a the socio-religious movement point of view. A new sect called the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingayat" title="Lingayat"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Lingayat</span></a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virashaiva" title="Virashaiva"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Virashaiva</span></a> sect was founded during these times<sup>. </sup></span>It is also believed that there are some sections of Reddies having descendancy from Kalchuris. <span lang="EN">Kalchuris are worshipers of Shiv and Shakti and Kalchuri Kings have constructed many Shiv temples as well as temples of Shakti. </span> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN">Majority of Kalchuris call themselves as Kalars which is a name given to the people who are engaged in liquor business. </span>There are similar communities in different parts of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region></st1:place> involved in same profession and background. Among them are Ezhavas or Thiyyas of Kerala, Billavas and Thiyya billavas of South Kannada region, Edigas of Karnataka, Bhandari of Maharastra, Nadars of Tamilnadu, Gouds of Andhra, Durave and Nalaver of Srilanka are from the same roots. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Common Surnames of Kalchuris<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
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<div class="Section2"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Aarya,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Ahake<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Aharwal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Ahluwalia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Baranwal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Batham <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Bhagat <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Bhoyar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Bhoyare <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Billava<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Bisane <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Chauragade <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Chaurewar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Choudhary <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Chouksey <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Dadsena <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Dahake <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Daharwal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Dhapade<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Dhapare<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Dhapare Dhapade <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Dholakiya <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Dhuware <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Diyewar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Dohare <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Duvadhapar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Duve <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Ezhava<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Gangbhoj <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Gopaliya <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Goud <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Gulhare <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Gupta, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Idiga<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Jain Jaiswal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Jain Kalar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Jaisar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Jaiswal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Jamaiwar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Karnwal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Kawle <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Kharidaha <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Khubele,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Lanjekar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Lohiya <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Mahawar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Malviya <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Meshram <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Meshram,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Mewada <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Nandhediya <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Nashine <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Neorgade <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Niwnaaha <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Padiyar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Palewar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Pardesi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Maratha Kalar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Pareta <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Pashine <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Patel <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Patel, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Porwal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Prasad <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Purviya <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Rai <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Sahu <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Sewaiwar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Shanicharaha <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Shione <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Shivhare <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Shoundik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Sundhi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Sirmoria <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Somvanshi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Sonwani<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Sugnadhi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Suwalka <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Talwar <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Tikkiwal <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Verma.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Vyahut <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Walia <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Zendaha <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="Section3"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">These people together number an estimated 100 million worldwide and mostly live in Western and Northern India, South India, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Nepal</st1:country-region>, Central and Western Pakistan, Eastern Afghanistan, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Germany</st1:country-region></st1:place>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kudalasangama.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a> </span>Kalchuris made a great contribution in propagating Jainism and creating Jain architectural monuments in <st1:place w:st="on">South India</st1:place>. Kalchuris of Tamil Nadu were known as Kalabhras under whom Jainism and Buddhism became popular in their territories. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 5pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">They became anti-Brahmin crusaders in <st1:place w:st="on">South India</st1:place> and snatched away the lands possessed by Brahmins as Brahmadeyas. They ruled over the entire <st1:place w:st="on">South India</st1:place> for about 300 years and spread Buddhism. They sponsored Buddhist literature of highest moral and ethical values. It is believed that Thirupathi was a great Buddhist Centre during the Kalabhra rule. Other famous and popular pilgrim centres like Sabarimala and Guruvayoor were also Buddhist centres during the Kalabhra rule. . <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">As followers of Jainism and Buddhism they prohibited animal sacrifices in rituals. The Kalabhra rule in the Tamil country had witnessed the growth of education and literature. The Jain Palli had remained important educational centers during the Kalabhra rule. Kalabhras fought against Brahmin supremacy and were abused by Brahmin epigraphists after their rule ended. The Kalchuris of South India seems to have switched over to Buddhism when Ashoka ruled part of <st1:place w:st="on">South India</st1:place>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Due to suppression by the followers of ideology these sect of people were compelled to go with Jainism and Buddhism because of the unjustifiable casteism and untouchability which was enforced by the upper community. It has reached its peak during 19<sup>th</sup> century and the life of this sect was almost worst than animals.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">During this time Sree Narayana Guru took birth . He was born as a divine child and from the age of 6 itself he has been showing many miracles. At the age of 30 he learned all Vedas and Upanishads and also completed his reverence and he has became spiritual guru respected by all people in the southern part of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region></st1:place>. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">The Kalchuri sect in Kerala was known as Ezhavas who lined up with Sree Narayana Guru who preached against the existing system of humiliation to this sector of people who were termed as lower caste and brought in revolutionary changes. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">He advised our people to <b>‘get educated and liberated, </b>and<b> get united and be strong’.</b> All of us know Kerala is the only state having 100% literacy and the World Health Organisation recognized Kerala as the model for healthcare and cleanliness. All this is the result of Sree Narayana Guru’s vision and work. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Conclusion: From the above it is evident that under pressure these communities were deprived of power. Their common living rights were denied for generations by the upper communities. The history reveals that this sect of people was physically strong rulers and had a very rich heritage. Even though in every state of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region></st1:place> people of this sect is living they are not together. In the present democratic system unless there is unity, one cannot get into the decision making ministry. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">A common platform is the demand of the time to propagate the message of equality and peace among humanity. Hence it is essential to focus at unity. We will also find a large number of poor people among the group. Only way to uplift them is to provide education. Hence our focus should be on <b>unity and education</b>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">Posted by Dr.K.Rajendran</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 27pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"> </span><b style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></b></div></div>KALCHURIhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12488611744760830417noreply@blogger.com50